Shining 3D Scanner Technology Explained

By projector, by laser: the optics of modern 3D scanning

Thirty years ago, Shining 3D launched its first scanner from Hangzhou. Today, the company supplies advanced 3D scanners used to capture precise digital copies of objects from a car park. Workhorse 3D scanners can capture objects accurate to a few hundredths of a millimeter, making them versatile tools for industries as varied as manufacturing, archaeology, and gaming.

3D Scanning's Skyrocketing Role

We didn't always live in a world filled with digital replicas. Starting in the 1960s 3D scanning technology allowed doctors to use X-rays to make 3D traces to map out the inner anatomy of a patient. Before that, it was close to impossible to produce accurate 3D models of objects. A dedicated 3D scanner can handle the rigorous demands of industrial metrology. In a metro train manufacturing plant, it can scan a pantograph arm to see if it meets the design specifications. In an undersea oil pipeline, a 3D scanner mounted on a robot can inspect a weld seam for any defects. The process is also used in archaeological digs and crime scenes, where capturing the precise shape of an artifact or a rearrangeable scene can preserve a record that will last into perpetuity. 3D scanning is not just about replicating an object; it's about creating a digital footprint of the physical world for future generations.

How triangulation computes 3D depth

All Shining 3D scanners work on a principle called triangulation. In essence, triangulation measures a distance by comparing the angles to a target from at least two points. A 3D scanner casts light onto an object while a camera is focused on the object, and using the angles and the known distance between the camera and the light projector, the scanner determines the distance to every point on the object. The scanner then creates an XYZ coordinate for each scanned point on the surface of the object. The points are used to create a mesh—a 3D wireframe model of the scanned object. Once this mesh is created, it can be exported as a digital file containing all the collected points. Mesh models have an amount of data that can be very data intensive to process. The overall size of the model depends on the density of the scanning and accuracy requirements.

Laser lines persisting on reflective surfaces

Different scanners use different types of light. The blue laser can cover less ground per frame compared to LED structured light, but it holds up better on reflective and dark surfaces. It also ignores the ambient room light. Blue laser lines can create a stunningly accurate scan, no matter the object's texture. These lasers work well in most applications, but applications that need to capture very fine textures or intricate details tend to use LED structured light. This light can render the most fine details of any surface.

Optical-tracking vs mark-and-track

The challenge with using a handheld scanner is the need to track each frame's position. It's a bit like stitching together multiple jigsaw puzzles while moving them around and matching edges. For large objects, like a room-sized workpiece, the iron scan approach uses a separate camera to track targets on the scanner head, keeping the workpiece clean and maintaining accuracy. The handheld model needs to track the features of the object or reflective dots stuck onto the object. This approach is more common in 3D scanning.

The digital outcome and export

The final step in 3D scanning is to save or export the model to another file format, typically an STL file. The STL file is a 3D file format that can be imported into almost any 3D software for viewing, editing, or 3D printing. The 3D model can also be imported into a computer-aided design (CAD) program for reverse engineering on various types of 3D scanners. The 3D model can also be saved in other 3D file formats like OBJ, FBX, or STL. These file formats are widely used in 3D modeling and animation software, game development, and 3D printing.

Harnessing 3D Scanners in the Wild

Eager to import a physical object into a 3D digital world? Scanning a 3D model: Use a Shining 3D scanner or similar model. Set the scanner up and make sure it’s correctly positioned for an accurate scan. Exporting the data: A 3D scanner can export to different formats, including those compatible with 3D printers, CAD files, and other 3D software. Choose the format you need for your application. Adjust and edit: If the scan isn't perfect, use 3D modeling software to fix any imperfections or inaccuracies. This can range from smoothing out rough edges to fixing any missing data. 3D Printing: With a complete digital model, you can send it straight to a 3D printer. This is a great way to test out and see if what is on screen corresponds to the design you imagined.

Elevating Design Through Geometry

From the maker's bench to the factory floor, 3D scanners have transformed how we interact with the physical world. They allow us to digitize reality, enhance designs, and innovate in ways once thought impossible. 3D scanning captures the essence of an object, preserving it in a digital format that can be reproduced, studied, and appreciated for generations to come.